Lithium Nephrotoxicity 

1. What is lithium? 2. How does lithium cause negative effects on the kidneys ? 3. What are the side effects of using lithium as a therapeutic drug? 4. What are the signs and symptoms? Polyuria -increased urine output than usual  Polydipsia -increased thirst Nocturia Nausea  Vomiting Lethargy  Tremors  Confusion  Agitation Delirium  Hypertonia Coma Seizures Hypothermia Swelling  Renal insufficiency Dehydration due to increased loss of water through urine  Dry mouth Tachycardia  Hypertension(postural) Hypernatremia  Mood swings  …